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<title>IRC takeover</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">IRC takeover</span></span>

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<p>An <b>IRC channel takeover</b> is an acquisition of <a href="IRC_channel_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="IRC channel operator">IRC channel operator</a> status by someone other than the channel's owner. It has largely been eliminated due to the increased use of <a href="IRC_services" title="IRC services">services</a> on IRC networks.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riding_the_split">Riding the split</h2></div>

<p>The most common variety of channel takeover uses disconnections caused by a <a href="Netsplit" title="Netsplit">netsplit</a>; this is called <b>riding the split</b>. After such mass disconnections, a channel may be left without users, allowing the first rejoining user to recreate the channel and gain operator status. When the servers merge, any pre-existing operators retain their status, allowing the new user to kick out the original operators and take over the channel.

</p><p>A simple prevention mechanism involves <i><a href="Timestamp" title="Timestamp">timestamping</a></i> (abbreviated to <i>TS</i>), or checking the creation dates of the channels being merged. This was first implemented by <a href="Undernet" title="Undernet">Undernet</a> (ircu) in November 2000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is now common in many IRC servers. If both channels were created at the same time, all user statuses are retained when the two are combined; if one is newer than the other, special statuses are removed from those in the newer channel.

</p><p>Additionally, a newer protection involving timestamping is used when a server splits away from the main network (when it no longer detects that <a href="IRC_services" title="IRC services">IRC services</a> are available), it disallows anyone creating a channel to be given operator privileges.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nick_collision">Nick collision</h2></div>

<p>Another popular form of channel takeover abuses nickname collision protection, which keeps two users from having the same nickname at once. A user on one side of a netsplit takes the nickname of a target on the other side of the split; when the servers reconnect, the nicks collide and both users are kicked from the server. The attacker then reconnects or switches nicks in a second client while the target reconnects, and proceeds to <a href="Jupe_(IRC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupe (IRC)">jupe</a> (or block) the target's nickname for a period of time.

</p><p>User timestamping is often used to detect these kinds of attacks in a fashion similar to channel timestamping, with the user who selected that nickname later being kicked from the server. Another protection method, called <i>nickhold</i>, disallows the use of recently split nicknames. This causes fewer kicks, but causes more inconvenience to users. For this reason, timestamping is generally more common. Some servers, such as ircd-ratbox, do both. <a href="IRC_services" title="IRC services">IRC services</a> and <a href="IRC_bot" title="IRC bot">bots</a> can also protect against such attacks by requiring that a password be supplied to use a certain nick. Users who do not provide a password are killed after a certain amount of time.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_methods">Other methods</h2></div>

<p>Other methods can be used to take over a channel, though they are unrelated to flaws in IRC itself; for example, <a href="Hacker_(computer_security)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacker (computer security)">cracking</a> the computers of channel operators, compromising channel bot <a href="Shell_account" title="Shell account">shell accounts</a>, or obtaining services passwords through <a href="Social_engineering_(computer_security)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social engineering (computer security)">social engineering</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smurfing">Smurfing</h3></div>

<p><a href="Smurf_attack" title="Smurf attack">Smurf attacks</a> have been used to take over IRC servers.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These exploit <a href="Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">ICMP</a> ping responses from broadcast addresses at multiple hosts sharing an Internet address, and forge the ping packet's return address to match a target machine's address. A single malformed packet sent to the "smurf amplifier" will be echoed to the target machine.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Add channel creation TS (timestamp) to JOIN protocol messages, Kevin L. Mitchell, November 2nd 2000, undernetc-ircu SVN server - ircu2 - r306, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/UndernetIRC/ircu2/commit/008a01428ae6d628d31abe35d361b51b3f4f154f">https://github.com/UndernetIRC/ircu2/commit/008a01428ae6d628d31abe35d361b51b3f4f154f</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ganor, Boaz; von Knop, Katharina; Duarte, Carlos A. M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ybQkSwzkTY4C&pg=PA254"><i>Hypermedia seduction for terrorist recruiting</i></a>. <a href="IOS_Press" title="IOS Press">IOS Press</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-58603-761-1</bdi></span>

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</style><div id="Internet_Relay_Chat_(IRC)170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a> (IRC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_IRC_clients" title="Comparison of IRC clients">Comparison of clients</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">DoS attack</a></li>

<li><a href="IRC_flood" title="IRC flood">Flood</a></li>

<li><a href="Netsplit" title="Netsplit">Netsplit</a></li>

<li><a href="IRC_operator" title="IRC operator">Operator</a></li>

<li><a href="IRC_script" title="IRC script">Script</a></li>

<li><a href="IRC_services" title="IRC services">Services</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Ident_protocol" title="Ident protocol">Ident</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DALnet" title="DALnet">DALnet</a></li>

<li><a href="EFnet" title="EFnet">EFnet</a></li>

<li><a href="Freenode" title="Freenode">Freenode</a></li>

<li><a href="GameSurge" title="GameSurge">GameSurge</a></li>

<li><a href="IRCnet" title="IRCnet">IRCnet</a></li>

<li><a href="Libera_Chat" title="Libera Chat">Libera Chat</a></li>

<li><a href="QuakeNet" title="QuakeNet">QuakeNet</a></li>

<li><a href="Rizon" title="Rizon">Rizon</a></li>

<li><a href="RusNet" title="RusNet">RusNet</a></li>

<li><a href="SlashNET" title="SlashNET">SlashNET</a></li>

<li><a href="Snoonet" class="mw-redirect" title="Snoonet">Snoonet</a></li>

<li><a href="Undernet" title="Undernet">Undernet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Eggdrop" title="Eggdrop">Eggdrop</a></li>

<li><a href="Infobot" title="Infobot">Infobot</a></li>

<li>Blowfish Encryption</li>

<li><a href="BitlBee" title="BitlBee">BitlBee</a></li>

<li><a href="UnrealIRCd" title="UnrealIRCd">UnrealIRCd</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_commands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Internet Relay Chat commands">List of commands</a></li>

<li><a href="IRC_subculture" title="IRC subculture">Subculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Jarkko_Oikarinen" title="Jarkko Oikarinen">Jarkko Oikarinen</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">macOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Colloquy_(software)" title="Colloquy (software)">Colloquy</a></li>

<li><a href="Homer_(software)" title="Homer (software)">Homer</a></li>

<li><a href="Ircle" title="Ircle">Ircle</a></li>

<li><a href="Linkinus" title="Linkinus">Linkinus</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microsoft Windows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bersirc" title="Bersirc">Bersirc</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Comic_Chat" title="Microsoft Comic Chat">Microsoft Comic Chat</a></li>

<li><a href="PIRCH_(IRC_client)" title="PIRCH (IRC client)">PIRCH</a></li>

<li><a href="Shareaza" title="Shareaza">Shareaza</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_IRC" title="Visual IRC">Visual IRC</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unix-like</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="IrcII" title="IrcII">ircII</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cross-platform</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ayttm" title="Ayttm">Ayttm</a></li>

<li><a href="BitchX" title="BitchX">BitchX</a></li>

<li><a href="IRC_Cloud" title="IRC Cloud">IRC Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Irssi" title="Irssi">Irssi</a></li>

<li><a href="Konversation" title="Konversation">Konversation</a></li>

<li><a href="KVIrc" title="KVIrc">KVIrc</a></li>

<li><a href="LeafChat" title="LeafChat">LeafChat</a></li>

<li><a href="Nettalk_(IRC_client)" title="Nettalk (IRC client)">Nettalk</a></li>

<li><a href="Smuxi" title="Smuxi">Smuxi</a></li>

<li><a href="WeeChat" title="WeeChat">WeeChat</a></li>

<li><a href="HexChat" title="HexChat">HexChat</a></li>

<li><a href="PJIRC" title="PJIRC">PJIRC</a></li>

<li><a href="Quassel_IRC" title="Quassel IRC">Quassel IRC</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-IM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Centericq" title="Centericq">Centericq</a></li>

<li><a href="Empathy_(software)" title="Empathy (software)">Empathy</a></li>

<li><a href="Kopete" title="Kopete">Kopete</a></li>

<li><a href="Miranda_NG" title="Miranda NG">Miranda NG</a></li>

<li><a href="Pidgin_(software)" title="Pidgin (software)">Pidgin</a></li>

<li><a href="Trillian_(software)" title="Trillian (software)">Trillian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="PJIRC" title="PJIRC">PJIRC</a></li>

<li><a href="Mibbit" title="Mibbit">Mibbit</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web browser components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ChatZilla" title="ChatZilla">ChatZilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla Application Suite</a></li>

<li><a href="Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Mozilla Thunderbird</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Library and plug-ins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Rcirc" title="Rcirc">rcirc</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-06-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=IRC_takeover&oldid=1227514266">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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